Africa Cannot Meet SDG, Agenda 2063 Targets Without Renewed Efforts – Report

By Eric Ojo

Africa needs greater action and renewed efforts, if the continent is to meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and Agenda 2063 targets, a new report has warned.

The coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and climate change have all hampered Africa’s progress toward meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With 2030 less than 8 years away, most African countries are struggling to meet the SDG targets.

The status report on SDGs which was jointly released by the African Union Commission (AUC), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), the African Development Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), during the African Economic Conference 2022 taking place currently in Mauritius, said without renewed efforts, nearly 492 million Africans will be left in extreme poverty with at least 350 million still in that condition in 2050.

“Building Back Better from the Coronavirus Disease, While Advancing the Full Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development evaluates Africa’s progress towards the SDGs and the African Union’s Agenda 2063 in the context of the triple crises of COVID-19, climate change, and the war in Ukraine. All three have hampered the continent’s performance toward both sets of targets”, the report said.

The 2022 Africa SDGs report gives an in-depth analysis of five SDGs: Goal 4 (Quality Education), Goal 5 (Gender Equality), Goal 14 (Life Below Water), Goal 15 (Life on Land) and Goal 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).

On SDG 4 (Quality Education), the report observed that Africa has made slow progress in the provision of quality education for all, adding that despite considerable improvement in school enrolment, 288 million school-age children are not enrolled in school, especially in countries affected by conflict.

According to the report, increased funding for education infrastructure is needed, especially at the pre-primary and primary education levels. It further stated that other areas in need of investing are the training of teachers, and digital connectivity.

It also shows slow progress across Africa towards gender inclusivity and recommends the enforcement of legal frameworks to protect women and girls against discrimination, domestic violence, child marriage and female genital mutilation.

“For instance, despite women comprising a significant proportion of Africa’s labour force, only 29.8 percent of managerial positions across the continent, excluding North Africa, were held by women in 2022, up modestly from 29.3 percent in 2015”, the report added.

On SDG 14 (Life Below Water), the report noted that organic and chemical pollutants from human activities continue to endanger Africa’s marine ecosystem and therefore called for enhanced institutional capacity to enforce laws and regulations for the sustainable use of marine resources.

It also acknowledged that life under water is an important source of livelihood for many African countries, especially its small island developing states (SIDS).

Similarly, in its findings on the SDG 15 (Life on Land), the report noted that loss of forest cover, biodiversity and land degradation remains high and widespread in Africa owing to deforestation for farming and grazing, and climate change.

“Land degradation affects 46 percent of Africa’s land and 65 percent of the population, costing the region US$9.3 billion annually. More public and private partnerships are critical to mobilise and channel funding to scale up sustainable management of land, forests and biodiversity towards a green and resilient recovery”, it further explained.

On SDG 17 (Partnerships), the report said the continent has made halting progress on this benchmark, adding that Africa’s domestic revenue generation and foreign direct investment inflows continue to lag behind other regions.

It also pointed that debt management remains a persistent challenge for African governments, and debt servicing reduces already scarce capital resources. “In 2020, Africa lost about $89 billion to illicit financial flows (IFFs)”, it stressed.

The report offers several recommendations which include strengthening domestic resource mobilisation and curbing illicit financial flows. It also proposes seeking support from international actors to roll out innovative financial instruments such as green and blue bonds, and debt-for-climate swaps.

Deputy Executive Secretary and Chief Economist of ECA, Dr Hanan Morsy expressed optimism on the outcome of the report. “I am hopeful that the findings and recommendations of the 2022 Africa SDGs Report will help member states to take urgent action to accelerate attainment of the SDGs and the agenda 2063”, he said.

To get back on track, Africa needs to foster its domestic resource mobilisation and savings, as well as boost its Information and Communication Technology infrastructure to drive achievement of the SDGs and the Agenda 2063.

UNDP’s Assistant Administrator and Regional Director for Africa, Ms Ahunna Eziakonwa said: “Africa can no longer wait on the margins, and the time is now for the continent to rechart its development path and own its development agenda”.

Also in his remarks, the Secretary General of the AfDB Group, Vincent Nmehielle said: “We have to do more as a continent for better results. Knowing the challenges we have, it is important that we look inward and find a way to implement home-grown initiatives to tackle challenges. The partnership between AfDB, ECA, AUC and UNDP is a good platform that presents the challenges for our countries to tackle”.